clinical studies applying cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma临床研究应用细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗肾细胞癌.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Clinical and Developmental Immunology Volume 2012, Article ID 473245, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/473245 Review Article Clinical Studies Applying Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma ¨ 1 2 2 Clara E. Jakel, Stefan Hauser, Sebastian Rogenhofer, ¨ 2 1 1 Stefan C. Muller, P. Brossart, and Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf 1 Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universitatsklinikum Bonn, ¨ Sigmund Freud Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany 2 Department of Urology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universitatsklinikum Bonn, ¨ Sigmund Freud Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf, picasso@uni-bonn.de Received 22 June 2012; Revised 24 August 2012; Accepted 3 September 2012 Academic Editor: Graham Ogg ¨ Copyright © 2012 Clara E. Jakel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) seems to be resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy and the general treatment regimen of cytokine therapy produces only modest responses while inducing severe side effects. Nowadays standard of care is the treatment with VEG