concerning cut point spaces of order three关于削减空间秩序三个点.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences Volume 2007, Article ID 10679, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2007/10679 Research Article Concerning Cut Point Spaces of Order Three D. Daniel and William S. Mahavier Received 15 April 2005; Accepted 15 May 2007 Recommended by Gerald F. Jungck A point p of a topological space X is a cut point of X if X − {p } is disconnected. Further, if X − {p } has precisely m components for some natural number m ≥ 2 we will say that p has cut point order m. If each point y of a connected space Y is a cut point of Y, we will say that Y is a cut point space. Herein we construct a space S so that S is a connected Hausdorff space and each point of S is a cut point of order three. We also note that there is no uncountable separable cut point space with each point a cut point of order three and therefore no such space may be embedded in a Euclidean space. Copyright © 2007 D. Daniel and W. S. Mahavier. This is an open access article distrib- uted under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction The study of cut points in topological spaces has long been of interest. Whyburn (e.g., [1–3]) studied heavily the role of cut points of metric continua. In particular, he showed that all cut points of a separable metric continuum are of order two except for a countable number. Shimrat [4] proved that the following are equivalent for a nonempty connected sepa- rable metric space X : (1) X is locally connected and every point of X is a cut point; (2) X is locally arcwise connected, contains no simple closed curves, and has no end-points; (3) X is an open ramification. The reader is also referred to Stone [5]. Ward [6] showed that every metric space that is separable, connected and locally con- nected, and in which each point is a strong c