construction of nijenhuis operators and dendriform trialgebras建设nijenhuis运营商和树状的trialgebras.pdfVIP

IJMMS 2004:49, 2595–2615 PII. S0161171204402117 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. CONSTRUCTION OF NIJENHUIS OPERATORS AND DENDRIFORM TRIALGEBRAS PHILIPPE LEROUX Received 16 February 2004 We construct Nijenhuis operators from particular bialgebras called dendriform-Nijenhuis bialgebras. It turns out that such Nijenhuis operators commute with TD-operators, a kind of Baxter-Rota operators, and are therefore closely related to dendriform trialgebras. This allows the construction of associative algebras, called dendriform-Nijenhuis algebras, made out of nine operations and presenting an exotic combinatorial property. We also show that the augmented free dendriform-Nijenhuis algebra and its commutative version have a struc- ture of connected Hopf algebras. Examples are given. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 17A30, 18D50. 1. Introduction Notation. In the sequel, k is a field of characteristic zero. Let (X, ) be a k-algebra and let (i )1≤i≤N : X ⊗2 → X be a family of binary operations on X . The notation → will mean x y = x y , for all x,y ∈ X . We say that the operation splits into i i i i the N operations ,..., , or that the operation is a cluster of N (binary) operations. 1 N Let (,[·, ·]) be a Lie algebra. A Nijenhuis operator N : → is a linear map verifying 2 N(x),N(y) +N [x,y] = N N(x),y + x,N(y) . (1.1) Solutions of this equation can be constructed by producing operators β : A → A verify- ing the associative Nijenhuis relation (ANR) on an associative algebra (A,µ). The ANR, that is, 2