contrast enhancement methods in sodium mr imaging a new emerging technique对比度增强方法在钠先生成像一种新兴技术.pdfVIP

Vol.2, No.6, 445-457 (2009) JBiSE doi:10.4236/jbise.2009.26065 Contrast enhancement methods in sodium MR imaging: a new emerging technique Rakesh Sharma1 2 3 3 , Avdhesh Sharma , Soonjo Kwon , Ross Booth 1Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA; 2Image Processing Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Maharana Pratap AT University, Udaipur Rajasthan, India; 3Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, USA. Email: rs2010@; soonjo.kwon@ Received 23 August 2008; revised 20 July 2009; accepted 25 July 2009. ABSTRACT pulse sequences are research tools of sodium contrast enhancement in brain, cardiac and Background: In the last decade, sodium mag- tumor imaging. The optimized MRI scan pa- netic resonance imaging was investigated for its rameters in quantum filter techniques generate potential as a functional cardiac imaging tool for contrast in intracellular sodium MR images ischemia. Later interest was developed in con- without using invasive contrast shift agents. trast enhancement for intracellular sodium. Lit- Still, validity and clinical utility are in question. tle success was reported to suppress extracel- lular sodium resulting in the intracellular so- Keywords: Sodium MRI; Double Quantum; Inver- dium MRI image acquisition using quantum fil- sion Recovery; Contrast Enhancement; Cancer ters or sodium transition s