cytotoxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of aluminum in murine thymocytes and lymphocytes细胞毒性对环境相关浓度的铝在小鼠胸腺细胞和淋巴细胞.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Toxicology Volume 2011, Article ID 796719, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2011/796719 Research Article Cytotoxicity of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Aluminum in Murine Thymocytes and Lymphocytes Jamal Kamalov,1 David O. Carpenter,2 and Irina Birman2 1 School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA 2 Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA Correspondence should be addressed to David O. Carpenter, carpent@ Received 2 March 2011; Accepted 3 May 2011 ¨ Academic Editor: Dietrich Busselberg Copyright © 2011 Jamal Kamalov et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The effects of low concentrations of aluminum chloride on thymocytes and lymphocytes acutely dissociated from young mice were studied using flow cytometry with a DNA-binding dye. We demonstrate a rapid and dose-dependent injury in murine thymocytes and lymphocytes resulting from exposure to aluminum, as indicated by an increase in the entry into the cell of the DNA-binding dye, propidium iodine. A 60-minute exposure to 10 µM AlCl3 caused damage of about 5% of thymocytes, while 50% were injured after 10 minutes at 20 µM. Nearly all thymocytes showed evidence of damage at 30 µM AlCl3 after only 5 minutes of incubation. In lymphocytes, injury was observed at 15 µM AlCl3 and less than 50% of cells were injured after a 60-minute exposure to 20 µM. Injury only rarely proceeded to rapid cell death and was associated with cell swelling. These results suggest that aluminum has cytotoxic effe