diagnostics, rehabilitation and models of parkinson’s disease帕金森病的诊断、康复和模型.pdfVIP

Vol.4, Special Issue, 1200-1217 (2012) Health /10.4236/health.2012.431178 Diagnostics, rehabilitation and models of Parkinson’s disease Juliana Dushanova Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; juliana@bio.bas.bg Received 8 September 2012; revised 11 October 2012; accepted 19 October 2012 ABSTRACT nergic neurons. Neurotoxin-based models have been important in elucidating the molecular cas- Diagnostics and rehabilitation of Parkinson’s cade of cell death in dopaminergic neurons. PD disease (PD) presents the current information models based on the manipulation of PD genes pertaining to etiology, early biomarkers for di- should prove valuable in elucidating important agnostics, novel methods to evaluate symp- aspects of the disease, such as selective vul- toms, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, new appli- nerability of substantia nigra dopaminergic neu- cations of brain imaging and invasive methods rons to the degenerative process. to the study of PD. Researchers have only re- cently begun to focus on the non-motor symp- Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease; Diagnostics; toms of PD, which are poorly recognized and Rehabilitation; Models inadequately treated by clinicians. The non- motor symptoms of PD have a significant impact on patient quality of life and mortality, and in- 1. INTRODUCTION clude cognitive impairments, autonomic, gas- We have based this review on the philosophy that one trointestinal, and sensory symptoms. In-depth