digital image watermarking based on mixed error correcting code基于混合错误校正码数字图像水印.pdfVIP

Journal of Information Security, 2012, 3, 156-161 /10.4236/jis.2012.32018 Published Online April 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jis) Digital Image Watermarking Based on Mixed Error Correcting Code Yonghong Chen, Jiancong Chen College of Computer Science Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China. Email: djandcyh@163.com Received September 1, 2011; revised February 10, 2012; accepted March 5, 2012 ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a novel technique based on a mixed Error Correcting Code (ECC)—the convolutional code and the repetition code to enhance the robustness of the embedded watermark. Before embedding, the binary watermark is scanned to one-dimension sequence and later inputted into the (3, 1, 2) convolutional encoder and (3, 1) repetition encoder frame by frame, which will improve the error correcting capability of decoder. The output code sequence is scanned to some matrixes as the new watermark messages. The watermarking is selected in low frequency band of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and therefore it can resist the destruction of image processing. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the robustness of a watermark with mixed ECC is much higher than the traditional one just with repetition coding while suffer ing JPEG lossy compression, salt and pepper noise and center cutting processing. Keywords: Error Correcting Code; Discrete Wavelet Transform; Mixed ECC; Watermarking 1. Introduction hamming distances weight are heavy. Before being em- bedded in DWT domain as new watermark messages, the The rapid expansion of the Internet and overall develop-