auditory stimulation dishabituates olfactory responses via noradrenergic cortical modulation通过去皮质调制dishabituates嗅觉听觉刺激反应.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2009, Article ID 754014, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2009/754014 Research Article Auditory Stimulation Dishabituates Olfactory Responses via Noradrenergic Cortical Modulation Jonathan J. Smith,1 Kiseko Shionoya,1 Regina M. Sullivan,1, 2, 3 and Donald A. Wilson1, 2, 3 1 Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA 2 Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 577 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Donald A. Wilson, dwilson@ Received 26 November 2008; Accepted 20 January 2009 Recommended by Edi Barkai Dishabituation is a return of a habituated response if context or contingency changes. In the mammalian olfactory system, metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated synaptic depression of cortical afferents underlies short-term habituation to odors. It was hypothesized that a known antagonistic interaction between these receptors and norepinephrine ß-receptors provides a mechanism for dishabituation. The results demonstrate that a 108 dB siren induces a two-fold increase in norepinephrine content in the piriform cortex. The same auditory stimulus induces dishabituation of odor-evoked heart rate orienting bradycardia responses in awake rats. Finally, blockade of piriform cortical norepinephrine ß-receptors with bilateral intracortical infusions of propranolol (100 μM) disrupts auditory-induced dishabituation of odor-evoked bradycardia responses. These results provide a cortical mechanism for a return of habituated sensory responses followin