renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system of hypertension肾素-血管紧张素系统和中枢神经系统交感神经递质释放的高血压.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Hypertension Volume 2012, Article ID 474870, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/474870 Review Article Renin-Angiotensin System and Sympathetic Neurotransmitter Release in the Central Nervous System of Hypertension Kazushi Tsuda1, 2 1 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka 590-0482, Japan 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Kazushi Tsuda, tsudak@mail.wakayama-med.ac.jp Received 24 August 2012; Accepted 18 October 2012 Academic Editor: Ovidiu C. Baltatu Copyright © 2012 Kazushi Tsuda. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Many Studies suggest that changes in sympathetic nerve activity in the central nervous system might have a crucial role in blood pressure control. The present paper discusses evidence in support of the concept that the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might be linked to sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension. The amount of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerve endings can be regulated by presynaptic receptors located on nerve terminals. It has been proposed that alterations in sympathetic nervous activity in the central nervous system of hypertension might be partially due to abnormalities in presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release. Recent evidence indicates that all components of the RAS have been identified in the brain. It has been proposed that the brain RAS may actively participate in the modulation of neurotransmitter release and influence the central