some physicochemical and thermal studies on organic analog of a nonmetal-nonmetal monotectic alloy; 2-cyanoacetamide–4-chloronitrobenzene system一些物理化学和热模拟的研究有机nonmetal-nonmetal偏晶合金;.pdf

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry , 2011, 2, 953-961 doi:10.4236/ajac.2011.28111 Published Online December 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ajac) Some Physicochemical and Thermal Studies on Organic Analog of a Nonmetal-Nonmetal Monotectic Alloy; 2-Cyanoacetamide–4-chloronitrobenzene System * Manjeet Singh, Rama Nand Rai, Uma Shankar Rai Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India * E-mail : usrai_bhu@yahoo.co.in Received June 20, 2011; revised August 3, 2011; accepted August 15, 2011 Abstract The phase equilibrium data on organic analog of the nonmetal-nonmetal system, involving 2-cyanoacetamide (CA)―4-chloronitrobenzene (CNB), show the formation of a monotectic (0.10 mole fraction of CNB) and a eutectic (0.98 mole fraction of CNB) with a large miscibility gap starting from 0.10 mole fraction of CNB of monotectic (M) and ending at 0.92 mole fraction of CNB of monotectic horizontal (Mh); the upper consolute temperature Tc being 63˚C above the monotectic horizontal at 118˚C and eutectic temperature is at 85˚C. The values of enthalpy of fusion of the pure components, the eutectic and the monotectic were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (Mettler DSC-4000 system). Using these data, the size of the critical radius, interfacial energy, excess thermodynamic functions, entropy of fusion, and enthalpy of mixing were calcu- lated. The solid-liquid interfacial energy data confirm the applicability of the Cahn wetting condition. While growth data obey the Hillig-Turnbull equation, the microstructural investigations give typical characteristic features of the eutectic and the