捉得竟陵诀-高雄师范大学.PDFVIP

捉得竟陵訣──鍾惺、譚元春詩作特色析論 401 國 立 高 雄 師 範 大 學 高雄師大學報 2003,15,401-418 捉得竟陵訣 ─鍾惺、譚元春詩作特色析論 陳美朱 ] 摘要 「竟陵訣」一詞，見於明清之際傅山〈偶借法字翻杜句答補巖〉一詩中 所謂：「滄溟發病語，慧業生《詩歸》。捉得竟陵訣，弄渠如小兒。」詩中的 「滄溟」，為明代後七子之首李攀龍，至於《詩歸》，則是鍾惺與譚元春共同 編選的《古詩歸》與《唐詩歸》合集。由「病語」與「慧業」的評斷，可見 傅山是肯定鍾、譚的《詩歸》而否定李攀龍的《唐詩選》。本文所關注的重點 在於：如果竟陵體誠如傅山所言，是有「要訣」可捉，那麼鍾、譚的詩作必 定有具體可循的特徵，以方便學者掌握其中精髓，以致竟陵體得以在明清之 際與「七子體」並列爭雄，甚且一度有取而代之的聲勢。然而，在清初「攻 竟陵」的詩學潮流下，鍾、譚的名字也成為鄙俗不學的代號，加以清乾隆之 後，鍾、譚的著作被打入禁書之列，影響所及，誠如錢鍾書《談藝錄》所言： 「後世論竟陵詩，多耳食而逞臆說，更不足憑。」筆者認為，要理解明清之 際「學竟陵」與「攻竟陵」的詩學現象，唯有先掌握「竟陵訣」的具體特色， 才能持平看待以上的問題，讓竟陵體在明清之際的詩壇有適切的定位。本文 遂分別由題材、用字、物象及命意四個部分來探討鍾、譚詩作的特色，並進 一步與明清之際詩家所聚焦的「竟陵訣」作比對，相信當能有助於吾人具體 掌握「竟陵訣」的要點所在。 關鍵詞：鍾惺、譚元春、竟陵體、竟陵訣、明清之際 ]國立成功大學中國文學博士，現為台南女子技術學院助理教授 402 高雄師大學報 第十五期 Catch the 「Jing-Ling Jue 」--The poetic characteristics analysis of Zhong Xing and Tan Yuan-Chun Mei-Chu Chen] Abstract Zhong Xing and Tan Yuan-Chun were the poets who had the important influences at the end of Ming and the beginning of Qing. Their poetic characteristics were called “Jing-Ling Ti”. At that time, there were many poets learned this kind of poetic style, thus formed one kind widespread popular influence. Relatively, there also had many people give the severe accusations and the criticisms to this kind of poetic style. In any event, “Jing-Ling Ti”created the influence was too important to be neglect at that time. This thesis will divide into four parts to discuss the poetic styles of Zhong and Tan: poetic themes, phrases using, the scenic image and implications. Hope can specifically understand the features of “Jing-Ling Jue” and further to grasp the reason of their widespread influ