stem cells as a tool to improve outcomes of islet transplantation干细胞作为一种工具来提高胰岛移植的结果.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Transplantation Volume 2012, Article ID 736491, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/736491 Review Article Stem Cells as a Tool to Improve Outcomes of Islet Transplantation Emily Sims1 and Carmella Evans-Molina2, 3, 4 1 Section of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 2 Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 3 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 4 The Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Emily Sims, eksims@ Received 17 May 2012; Accepted 2 July 2012 Academic Editor: Thierry Berney Copyright © 2012 E. Sims and C. Evans-Molina. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The publication of the promising results of the Edmonton protocol in 2000 generated optimism for islet transplantation as a potential cure for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Unfortunately, follow-up data revealed that less than 10% of patients achieved long-term insulin independence. More recent data from other large trials like the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry show incremental improvement with 44% of islet transplant recipients maintaining insulin independence at three years of follow-up. Multiple underlying issues have been identified that contribute to islet g