刘熙载论《孟子》论辩艺术.docVIP

刘熙载论《孟子》论辩艺术 摘要：刘熙载是晚清著名的文论家，《艺概》是他所撰写的一部最具代表性的文艺理论批评著作，涉及的范围极为广泛，其中《文概》专论我国古代的散文，集中体现了刘熙载的散文思想。《孟子》是战国时期诸子散文的杰出代表。刘熙载是十分推崇孟子的。本文主要是通过研究刘熙载《艺概》中对孟子及其之文的论述，更深入地认识孟子文章的文学价值，其主要表现在论辩艺术上。本文也论证了刘熙载文论思想的博大精深，常常能够通过扑朔迷离的表面现象，来揭示作家作品的文学实质，并且擅长用寥寥数语，勾勒出作家文学作品显著的艺术特征。4760 关键词：刘熙载；《艺概》；《孟子》；文论思想 Comment on The Mencius by Liu Xizai Abstract: Liu Xizai is the eminent literary theorist in the late Qing Dynasty. The Summary of Arts, the most representative work of literary theory and criticism composed by him, covers a wide range, of which the Summary of Literary specially criticizes Chinese ancient essays，intensively reflecting the ideas on prose of Liu Xizai. The Mencius is the outstanding representative prose in Warring States Period. Mr.Liu highly revered Mengtse. This dissertation mainly deals with Mengtse as well as his essays according to studying Liu Xizairsquo;s the Summary of Arts, thereby deeply realizing the literary valuemdash;the essence fully is mirrored by the art of debate. Meanwhile, it can further prove the extensive knowledge and profound scholarship of Liursquo;s literary ideas, which normally reveal the authorsrsquo; literary substance through complicated and confusing surface phenomenon，and outline the marked artistic characteristics of authorsrsquo; literary works by several words. Key words: Liu Xizai; The Summary of Arts; The Mencius; the Ideas on Prose 一、刘熙载论孟子文章ldquo;用法至密rdquo; 刘熙载《艺概》中称：ldquo;孟子之文，至简至易，如舟师执柁，中流自在，而推移费力者不觉自屈rdquo;。[2]刘熙载认为，孟子文章的主要特点是言简意赅，通俗易懂,如舟师在水流之中执掌船柁，自由自在的航行，即使是对于文章的经义解释困难的人也不会觉得委屈了自己。那么，孟子文章之所以可以如ldquo;舟师执柁，中流自在rdquo;，又可以使ldquo;推移费力者不觉自屈rdquo;，是因为孟子的文章ldquo;至简至易rdquo;,而ldquo;简rdquo;ldquo;易rdquo;正是体现在孟子的论辩艺术上。 动荡不安的战国时期，是一个百家争鸣的黄金时代，诸子百家根据社会形势发展的需要纷纷走上了论辩的擂台。他们论辩天命与人事的关系，国家治乱的根由，王道霸道的优劣，人性善恶的起源，战争胜败的关键，社会分工的需要，君臣贤愚的标准，论辩之盛，风靡一时。生活在这个时代的孟子，也成为了活跃在这个时代里著名的思想家和雄辩家。 刘熙载认为，ldquo;孟子之文，百变不离其宗，然此亦诸子所同。其度越诸子之处，乃在析义至精，不惟用法至密也rdquo;。[2]孟子的散文百变不离其宗，是与诸子所同。然而，孟子散文超越诸子处，则是ldquo;析义至精，不惟用法至密rdquo;。因而，孟子文章的显著特征，刘熙载认为是ldquo;用法至密rdquo;，同样这也正