常见中草药有效成分提取及抗氧化活性.docVIP

常见中草药有效成分提取及抗氧化活性 摘要：采用微波辅助法，分别以水和70%乙醇为提取剂提取19种常见中草药中黄酮和多糖，并利用分光光度法测定其含量和抗氧化活性。结果表明，以水为提取溶剂时，黄酮和多糖含量最高依次是八角（9.17 mg/g）百合(9.32 mg/g)。而以乙醇为提取剂时，黄酮和多糖含量最高的分别是小茴香（25.39 mg/g）和砂仁(7.06 mg/g)；19种中草药对超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基均具有不同程度的清除能力，薄荷、胡蒲公英对超氧阴离子的清除力比较强，清除率分别为97.73 %、96.76 %、90.27 %；薄荷、山药、胡椒、蒲公英对羟自由基的清除能力较强，清除率分别为97.32 %、95.93 %、93.25 %、90.73 %。实验显示，薄荷、胡椒、小茴香、蒲公英等抗氧化能力较强，因此可作为天然的抗氧剂应用于保健食品及医药中。11476 关键词：中草药；有效成分；黄酮；多糖；抗氧化 Extraction of Common Effective Components from Chinese Herbal Medicine and Oxidation Resistance Abstract: The water and alcohol were taken as extracting agents to extract flavonoid and amylose in the 19 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines by the Microwave, and the spectrophotometry was used to assay the content of flavonoid and amylose ,and assay its antioxidant activity. The results showed that when extracting the both components above with water,the maxest value of flavonoid and amylose exist in anise(9.17mg/g) and cumin(25.39mg/g) respectively,while the alcohol being used, it is lily(9.32 mg/g) and amomum(7.06 mg/g). The 19 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines also showed different degree of cleaning ability for superoxide anion and hydroxy radical. Among which, the mint, dandelion and pepper were better to remove the ultra oxygen anion ,and whose cleaning rate were 97.73%, 96.76% and 97.73%,respectively. The mint, dandelion, yam, pepper have stronger cleaning ability to hydroxyl free radical, the rates were 97.32%,95.93%,93.25% and 95.93%. The tests showed the mint, star anise, fennel and dandelion can be used as natural antioxidant engine used in food and medicines for their strong antioxidant ability. 人体免疫系统需要适量的自由基来抵抗细菌和病毒的侵害，但是自由基过量却是有害的[9]。自由基学者们研究认为，许多的疾病和自由基氧化损伤有关，如蛋白质损伤和NDA的损伤。尤其是活性氧，比如超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、脂质自由基与心脑血管疾病、癌症等相关，其中羟自由基的破坏能力最强[10-11]。现代医学的研究者说，人体产生的自由基，主要有超氧阴离子和羟自由基两种[12]，它们能够改变生物膜的结构和功能，还能改变酶的功能，引起DNA的损伤、致癌和衰老。由于活性氧与疾病关系密切，所以在医药界中寻找抗氧化剂的工作已经大范围展开[13-14]。 中草药可以清除人体中的羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基，具有增强机体防御自由基损伤的能力，还有抗氧化和抗衰老的作用。由此，天然抗氧化剂正倍受人们的关注[15-16] 。所以中草药具