氯化钾镀锌三价铬彩色钝化工艺的研究.docVIP

氯化钾镀锌三价铬彩色钝化工艺的研究 摘要：本课题的目的在于研究出一种对环境低毒的三价铬钝化工艺，以用于取代毒性高的六价铬钝化工艺。通过单因素实验和正交试验，对钝化液中的各个组成成分和钝化的工艺条件一一进行探索和研究，得到了一个最佳的三价铬彩色钝化配方工艺。该工艺主要成膜物是Cr2(SO4)3bull;6H2O，含量为8g/L；配位剂为丙二酸，含量为5g/L；氧化剂是NaNO3，含量为5g/L；活化金属离子选NiSO4bull;6H2O，用量为1.2g/L；阴离子促进剂NaCl，用量0.5g/L；pH值1.6；钝化温度25℃；钝化时间80s。该工艺能够得到一层致密的三价铬彩色钝化膜钝化膜，外观光亮细致。对最佳配方工艺进行中性盐雾实验、附着力实验、乙酸铅点滴实验，结果表明，耐盐雾时间可达78小时，乙酸铅点滴实验出现黑点时间可达74秒，附着力良好。10348 关键字：镀锌；三价铬；彩色钝化； Study on Trivalent Chromium Colorful Passivation Technology for Potassium chloride zinc plating Abstract: The purpose of this project is to develop a low-toxicity of trivalent chromium passivation process on the environment, to be used to replace the high toxicity of hexavalent chromium passivation process. By single-factor experiment and orthogonal, passivation solution composition and passivation process carry out exploration and research, has been one of the best formula of trivalent chromium color passivation technology. The process of major film is Cr2(SO4)3bull;6H2O, content 8g/L; complexing agent for malonate, content 5g/L; oxidants is NaNO3, content 5g/L; activating metal ions selected NiSO4bull;6H2O, the dosage of 1.2g/L; anions promoter NaCl, 0.5g/L;Ph 1.6; passive temperature 25℃; passivated times of 80s. The process can be a dense layer of passive film on three price chromium colored passivation film and looks bright and detailed. Neutral salt spray test, the best formulation process experiment of adhesion test, lead-acid, showed that salt-fog resistance of up to 78 hours, lead-acid drop experiment appears black spots of up to 74 seconds, good adhesion. 5.2硝酸钠浓度对钝化膜性能的影响16 5.3不同浓度NaCl对钝化膜性能的影响17 5.4不同浓度NiSO4bull;6H2O对钝化膜的影响18 5.5钝化液pH值的影响20 5.6钝化温度对钝化膜性能的影响21 5.7钝化时间对钝化膜性能的影响22 5.8水洗方式对钝化膜性能的影响23 5.9钝化膜的性能24 5.9.1钝化膜的外观24 5.9.2钝化膜的附着力24 5.9.3点滴试验24 5.9.4钝化膜的耐蚀性25 6结论26 致 谢27 参考文献28 1引言 1.1课题研究的概况及意义 锌以还原电位低、价格低廉等优点常被用作钢铁的保护层，但是由于其化学性质活泼而容易被腐蚀，因此通常需要对镀锌层进行钝化处理。六价铬钝化液操作简单、成本低廉、控制简便，并且所得到的钝化膜耐蚀性能好、外观漂亮且有自修复能力等优点，因此得到广泛的应用。但是，六价铬是一种剧毒物质，具有致癌致畸性的作用，这些缺点限制了其进行