汉语称谓语的错位与缺位分析.docVIP

汉语称谓语的错位与缺位分析 摘要：称谓语在人际交往中占据着重要的位置，它最直观地反映出一个民族的心理、风尚和各种社会制度。在语言动态开放发展的过程中，由于受到传统文化、社会发展等的影响，称谓语中存在着错位与缺位现象。本论文采用历时分析法和统计归纳法，找到了汉语称谓语错位的原因，有传统历史文化、社会、性别、西方文化、交际双方社会心理距离等，找到了汉语称谓语缺位的规律，如汉英两种语言对比、人们认知的变化、新事物的出现等都会导致缺位。同时也发现了汉语称谓语产生错位的原因，有传统历史文化、社会发展趋势、交际目的、语境等，发现了汉语称谓语错位的规律，如，缺位引起错位、人们的心理动机引起错位等。探索这些原因和规律，对对外汉语教学、语言研究和语言生活都有积极的作用。5086 关键词：汉语称谓语；错位；缺位; Analysis of Dislocation and Vacancy of Chinese Appellation Abstract:Appellations have an important place in the interpersonal communication. They most directly map a nationrsquo;s psychology, fashion and all kinds of social systems. Affected by the traditonal culture and social development,there are many phenomena of vacancy and dislocation in the development of language during their dynamic and open development.By diachronic analysis and statistical induction methods, we find out the reasons of the vacancy of Chinese address terms, such as traditional history and culture, social, gender, western cultural, and psychological distance,between the two communicating parties.And we will find out the law of vacancy,such as comparison between Chinese and English,the change of peoplersquo;s cognizing and the emergence of new things etc. We also find out the reasons of the dislocation of Chinese appellations,such as traditional history and culture, social development trend, communicative purpose and context etc. And we can find out the law of dislocation, such as dislocation which can be caused by vacancy people#39;s psychological motivation. Exploring the reasons and the law have a positive effect on teacing Chinese as a foreign language and the language life. 现在，称谓语研究已经相当成熟，比如，研究称谓语与文化的关系、探讨语境对称谓语选择的影响、对称谓语系统的分析以及女性称谓语的发展变化等多个方面。但是，当前对汉语称谓语错位现象方面的研究还没有，需要我们作进一步的探讨。 本文首先采用对比法，对汉英两种语言中的称谓语的相似点进行对比，列举了中英两种语言中称谓语的相似点。由此，我们可以看出在各种语言中，称谓语都有着重要作用、两种语言中都存在着缺位的现象，并且语言之间是相互影响的。另外，本文将采用归纳统计的研究方法，找出汉语称谓语中缺位与错位的现象，给这些语言现象归类，并探讨出现这些现象的的原因和规律。 一、汉语称谓语缺位、错位研究的意义 称谓语在人际交往中有占据着重要的位置，它最直观地反映出一个民族的心理、社会风尚和各种社会制度。选择一个合适的称谓语是顺利实现交际目的的开端，若使用