分子生物学试题（Molecular biology questions）.docVIP

分子生物学试题（Molecular biology questions） 1. Noun interpretation 1. Genes: DNA sequences that express and produce proteins and RNA are functional units that determine genetic traits. 2. Genome: a complete set of haploid genetic material in a cell or organism. 3. Telomere: the eukaryotic genome at the end of DNA, a linear chromosome, has a special structure called telomeres. The structure is a complex of DNA sequences and proteins formed only at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. 4?: operon index is the function structure of related genes in series with the composition of the information area, together with its upstream regulatory region (including promoter and gene manipulation) and downstream transcription termination signal of gene expression by transcription units, RNA polycistron. 5, cis acting elements are those specific DNA sequences that are involved in the regulation of structural gene expression and are capable of being genetically regulated, specifically identified and combined with proteins. These include the promoter, upstream promoter element, enhancer, tail signal, and response element. 6, trans acting factor: a large number of proteins in eukaryotic cells that regulate gene transcription activity by direct or indirect binding of cis acting elements. 7. Promoter: RNA polymerase specific recognition and binding sequence of DNA. 8. Enhancer: a specific DNA sequence in eukaryotic genes far from the transcription initiation site that significantly enhances promoter transcription efficiency. It may be located upstream or downstream of the enhanced transcription gene, or may be distant from target genes. 9? Gene expression: refers to the structural genes in genomes carrying genetic information through a series of processes such as transcription, translation, synthesis of specific proteins, and then play the whole process of its specific biological function and effect. 10. Information molecules: chemicals that regulate cell life. Among them, the chemical substanc