破伤风抗毒素皮试液配制方法改进对结果判定影响.docVIP

破伤风抗毒素皮试液配制方法改进对结果判定影响 摘 要 目的：将破伤风抗毒素皮试液配制成基础护理学上规定的每毫升含150国际单位的浓度，以减少皮试假阳性结果，从而减轻患者由于脱敏注射带来的痛苦和护士的工作负担。方法：将200例患者随机分为两组，对照组和观察组，对照组按基础护理教材上的配制方法，观察组用改进后的配制方法。结果：对照组96例，阳性17例。观察组104例，阳性6例，两组皮试结果经X2检验，差别有高度显著性意义。结论：对照组阳性率高于观察组。改进后的破伤风抗毒素皮试液配制方法简单、易于操作，更符合基础护理学上规定的标准浓度，假阳性少。 关键词 破伤风抗毒素 皮试液配制 改进方法 结果 影响 doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007—614x.2012.29.229 Abstract Objective：Tetanus antitoxin（TAT）skin test liquid was prepared to 150 IU per milliliter concentration that accorded with basic nursing science provisions，in order to decrease skin test false positive and to relieve patient’’s suffering caused by desensitization injection and reduce nurse’’s work load.Method：200 patients were randomly divided into two groups，control group and observation group.TAT skin test liquid was prepared according to basic nursing teaching material for control group，while it was prepared with improved method for observation group.Result：The number of the positive was 17 in control group which included 96 cases，while 6 in observation group which included 104 cases.We used X2test to compare the skin test results of the two groups，and found that there existed significant difference.Conclusion：Positive rate in control group was higher than that in observation group. The preparation method of improved TAT skin test liquid was simple，easy to follow，and more in accordance with standard concentration of basic nursing，the rate of false positive was less. Key Words Tetanus antitoxin；skin test liquid preparation；improved method；effect 随着人们生活节奏的日益加快，交通事故越来越多，已经成为人们健康的一大杀手。只要发生开放性损伤，加之创面组织坏死缺氧及污染，很容易感染破伤风。而破伤风是可以预防的疾病，在损伤后，尽快彻底清创，清除坏死组织和可见性异物，改善局部的血液循环，注射破伤风抗毒素（TAT）、破伤风人体免疫球蛋白是预防的关键。而目前主动免疫还没有推广，临床常用被动免疫法，即注射破伤风抗毒素，以防止破伤风的发生。 资料与方法 2005年6月～2007年12月外科门诊、住院患者200例，按入院时间单双日随机分为两组，单日入院者为对照组，双日入院者为观察组。对照组96例，男50例，女46例，观察组男104例，女36例，男68例，两组年龄3～65岁，损伤包括挫裂伤、切割伤、狗咬伤、烫伤、皮肤擦伤等。所使用的破伤风抗毒素均为兰州生物制品研究所生产。 方法：①对照组：按《基础护理学》上的方法1～3，用1ml注射器抽破伤风抗毒素原液0.1ml，加生理盐水0.9ml摇匀即可，每毫升含破伤风抗毒素150U的皮试液。注射0.1ml于患者