大体标本的一般观察方法和注意事项（General observation methods and matters needing attention in general specimens）.doc

大体标本的一般观察方法和注意事项（General observation methods and matters needing attention in general specimens） General observation methods and precautions of the specimen Observe gross organ system, various disease samples are not the same, need to learn. Here is the only general observation principles of the specimen to be introduced: 1. the observation of specimens is what tissues or organs: This is mainly the use of anatomical knowledge has been learned, first recognized what specimens of tissue or organ? Which side (referring to pairs have obvious anatomical landmarks can tell about the organs such as the lung) or which part of the organs (which part such as heart, brain, intestines etc.)? 2. determine the samples without pathological changes (lesions): what is in judging organs, must learn to use the knowledge of anatomy of the organs and tissues to observe it without exception, that is not? In order to avoid missed lesions and to develop our scientific style, in the observation of specimens should be according to a certain order of observation and description. The general observation sequence is as follows: (1) the first inspection organ size, weight and shape color, hardness, whether there are abnormal. Then according to the needs of the various organs, the disease open check. (2) substantive organ cut check sequence is often from outside to inside one by one, that is, real film, cavity and other ancillary equipment, vessels, such as lung, pleural or lung parenchyma, blood vessels, trachea, hilar lymph node, liver is liver, bile duct, film, blood tube, portal three etc.. (3) to the hollow organ check sequence is often from the inside out one by one (of course, from the outside to the inside of the heart can be) heart and contents (blood), endocardium, the valve, chordae, papillary muscle and meat, and to post myocardial epicardial coronary vessels, on gastrointestinal first for cavity contents, submucosa, muscularis mucosa, and serosal and mesenteric etc.. In the inspectio