athlete atypicity on the edge of human achievement performances stagnate after the last peak, in 1988运动员atypicity边缘的人类成就表演最后一个峰值后停滞不前,1988年.pdfVIP

Athlete Atypicity on the Edge of Human Achievement: Performances Stagnate after the Last Peak, in 1988 1 1,2 1,3 ´ 1 1,2 Geoffroy Berthelot *, Muriel Tafflet , Nour El Helou , Stephane Len , Sylvie Escolano , Marion 1 1,3 ¨ 1 ´ 1 1,3 Guillaume , Hala Nassif , Julien Tolaıni , Valerie Thibault , Franc¸ois Denis Desgorces , Olivier Hermine4, Jean-Franc¸ois Toussaint1,3,5 ´ ˆ 1 IRMES, Insep, Paris, France, 2 INSERM, U970, Paris, France, 3 Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France, 4 Service d’hematologie Hopital Necker and ´ ˆ ˆ CNRS UMR 8147, Paris, France, 5 Centre d’Investigation de la Medecine du Sport (CIMS), Hotel-Dieu, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France Abstract The growth law for the development of top athletes performances remains unknown in quantifiable sport events. Here we present a growth model for 41351 best performers from 70 track and field (TF) and swimming events and detail their characteristics over the modern Olympic era. We show that 64% of TF events no longer improved since 1993, while 47% of swimming events stagnated after 1990, prior to a second progression step starting in 2000. Since then, 100% of swimming events continued to progress. We also provide a measurement of the atypicity for the 3919 best performances (BP