benefits and costs of improved cookstoves assessing the implications of variability in health, forest and climate impacts收益和成本改善的炉灶在健康评估变化的影响,森林和气候的影响.pdfVIP

Benefits and Costs of Improved Cookstoves: Assessing the Implications of Variability in Health, Forest and Climate Impacts Marc A. Jeuland1,2*, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak1,2,3 1 Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America Abstract Current attention to improved cook stoves (ICS) focuses on the ‘‘triple benefits’’ they provide, in improved health and time savings for households, in preservation of forests and associated ecosystem services, and in reducing emissions that contribute to global climate change. Despite the purported economic benefits of such technologies, however, progress in achieving large-scale adoption and use has been remarkably slow. This paper uses Monte Carlo simulation analysis to evaluate the claim that households will always reap positive and large benefits from the use of such technologies. Our analysis allows for better understanding of the variability in economic costs and benefits of ICS use in developing countries, which depend on unknown combinations of numerous uncertain parameters. The model results suggest that the private net benefits of ICS will sometimes be negative, and in many instances highly so. Moreover, carbon financing and social subsidies may help enhance incentives to adopt, but will not always be appropriate. The costs and benefits of these technologies are most affected by their relative fuel costs, time and fuel use efficiencies, the incidence and cost-of-illness of acute respiratory illness, and the cost of household cooking time. Combining these results with the fact that households