canine morphology hunting for genes and tracking mutations犬类形态寻找和跟踪突变基因.pdfVIP

Essay Canine Morphology: Hunting for Genes and Tracking Mutations 1,2 1 Abigail L. Shearin , Elaine A. Ostrander * 1 National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 2 University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America Summary breed can, for the most part, be crossed 8 61024, which is essentially the same high to produce fertile offspring. Breeds were level of nucleotide diversity reported in the As a result of domestication, selection developed largely during the Victorian human population. As expected, however, for desirable phenotypes, and breed prop- era, with special selection for both the level of genetic diversity within any agation, the domestic dog is unmatched in morphologic traits based on size, pro- single breed is considerably less than the its diversity as a land mammal. Exhibiting portion, coat, etc., as well as behavior. species as a whole [10]. Most breeds extraordinary levels of both interbreed To be a registered member of a breed, demonstrate a pattern indicative of two heterogeneity and intrabreed homogenei- both of a dog’s parents have to be population bottlenecks—domestication ty, evidenced in part by the extensive registered members of the same breed, and breed formation [9,11]. In support linkage disequilibrium observed in many and their parents in t