changing patterns of malaria epidemiology between 2002 and 2010 in western kenya the fall and rise of malaria改变的疟疾流行病学模式在2002年和2010年之间在肯尼亚西部疟疾的兴衰.pdfVIP

Changing Patterns of Malaria Epidemiology between 2002 and 2010 in Western Kenya: The Fall and Rise of Malaria 1 2 1¤ 2 1 2 Guofa Zhou *, Yaw A. Afrane , Anne M. Vardo-Zalik , Harrysone Atieli , Daibin Zhong , Peter Wamae , 2 3 2 1 Yousif E. Himeidan , Noboru Minakawa , Andrew K. Githeko , Guiyun Yan 1 Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, 2 Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, 3 Department of Medical Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Abstract Background: The impact of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) on reducing malaria incidence is shown mainly through data collection from health facilities. Routine evaluation of long-term epidemiological and entomological dynamics is currently unavailable. In Kenya, new policies supporting the provision of free ITNs were implemented nationwide in June 2006. To evaluate the impacts of ITNs on malaria transmission, we conducted monthly surveys in three sentinel sites with different transmission intensities in western Kenya from 2002 to 2010. Methods and Findings: Longitudinal samplings of malaria parasite prevalence in asymptomatic school children and vector abundance in randomly selected houses were undertaken monthly from February 2002. ITN ownership and usage surveys were conducted annually from 2004 to 2010. Asymptomatic malaria parasite prevalence and vector abundances gradually decreased in all three sites from 2002 to 2006, and parasite prevalence reached its lowest