cyclic alternating pattern is associated with cerebral hemodynamic variation a near-infrared spectroscopy study of sleep in healthy humans循环交替模式与脑血流动力学变化在健康人体内近红外光谱学研究的睡眠.pdfVIP

Cyclic Alternating Pattern Is Associated with Cerebral Hemodynamic Variation: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Sleep in Healthy Humans ¨ 1,2 . 1,2. 3,4 3,4 1,2 Tiina Nasi * , Jaakko Virtanen , Jussi Toppila , Tapani Salmi , Risto J. Ilmoniemi 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland, 2 BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, 3 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, 4 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Abstract The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), that is, cyclic variation of brain activity within non-REM sleep stages, is related to sleep instability and preservation, as well as consolidation of learning. Unlike the well-known electrical activity of CAP, its cerebral hemodynamic counterpart has not been assessed in healthy subjects so far. We recorded scalp and cortical hemodynamics with near-infrared spectroscopy on the forehead and systemic hemodynamics (heart rate and amplitude of the photoplethysmograph) with a finger pulse oximeter during 23 nights in 11 subjects. Electrical CAP activity was recorded with a polysomnogram. CAP was related to changes in scalp, cortical, and systemic hemodynamic signals that resembled the ones seen in arousal. Due to their repetitive nature, CAP sequences manifested as low- and very-low-frequency oscillations in the hemodynamic signals. The subtype A3+B showed the strongest hemodynamic changes. A transient hypoxia occ