delimiting species without nuclear monophyly in madagascars mouse lemurs界定物种没有核单系统在马达加斯加狐猴的老鼠.pdfVIP

Delimiting Species without Nuclear Monophyly in Madagascar’s Mouse Lemurs 1 ¤ 2,3 1 ´ 3 David W. Weisrock * , Rodin M. Rasoloarison , Isabella Fiorentino , Jose M. Ralison , Steven M. 4,5 2 1,6 Goodman , Peter M. Kappeler , Anne D. Yoder 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 Department of Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology, German Primate ¨ ´ ´ Centre, Gottingen, Germany, 3 Departement de Biologie Animale, Universite d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 4 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 5 Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 6 Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America Abstract Background: Speciation begins when populations become genetically separated through a substantial reduction in gene flow, and it is at this point that a genetically cohesive set of populations attain the sole property of species: the independent evolution of a population-level lineage. The comprehensive delimitation of species within biodiversity hotspots, regardless of their level of divergence, is important for understanding the factors that drive the diversification of biota and for identifying them as targets for conservation. However, delimiting recently diverged species is challenging due to insufficient time for the differential evolution of characters—including morphological differences, reproductive isolation, and gene tree monophyly—that are typically used as evidence for separately evolving lineages. Methodology: In this study, w