distribution and quantification of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria across agricultural and non-agricultural metagenomes抗生素耐药基因的分布和量化和细菌在农业和非农业基因组.pdfVIP

Distribution and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistant Genes and Bacteria across Agricultural and Non- Agricultural Metagenomes Lisa M. Durso*, Daniel N. Miller, Brian J. Wienhold United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America Abstract There is concern that antibiotic resistance can potentially be transferred from animals to humans through the food chain. The relationship between specific antibiotic resistant bacteria and the genes they carry remains to be described. Few details are known about the ecology of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria in food production systems, or how antibiotic resistance genes in food animals compare to antibiotic resistance genes in other ecosystems. Here we report the distribution of antibiotic resistant genes in publicly available agricultural and non-agricultural metagenomic samples and identify which bacteria are likely to be carrying those genes. Antibiotic resistance, as coded for in the genes used in this study, is a process that was associated with all natural, agricultural, and human-impacted ecosystems examined, with between 0.7 to 4.4% of all classified genes in each habitat coding for resistance to antibiotic and toxic compounds (RATC). Agricultural, human, and coastal-marine metagenomes have characteristic distributions of antibiotic resistance genes, and different bacteria that carry the genes. There is a larger percentage of the total genome associated with antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal-associated and agricultural metagenomes compared to marine and Antarctic samples. Since antibiotic resistance genes are a natural part of both human-impacted and pristine habitats, presence of these resistance genes in any specific habitat is therefore not