distribution of an invasive aquatic pathogen (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) in the great lakes and its relationship to shipping入侵水生病原体的分布(病毒性出血性败血症病毒)在五大湖和运输的关系.pdfVIP

Distribution of an Invasive Aquatic Pathogen (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) in the Great Lakes and Its Relationship to Shipping 1 2 2 1 2 Mark B. Bain *, Emily R. Cornwell , Kristine M. Hope , Geofrey E. Eckerlin , Rufina N. Casey , Geoffrey H. 2 2 2 3 3 Groocock , Rodman G. Getchell , Paul R. Bowser , James R. Winton , William N. Batts , Allegra Cangelosi4, James W. Casey2 1 Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 3 Western Fisheries Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 4 Northeast-Midwest Institute, Washington, D. C., United States of America Abstract Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes due to VHSV have alarmed the public and provoked government attention on the introduction and spread of aquatic animal pathogens in freshwaters. We investigated the relations between VHSV dispersion and shipping and boating activity in the Great Lakes by sampling fish and water at sites that were commercial shipping harbors, recreational boating centers, and open shorelines. Fish and water samples were individually analyzed for VHSV using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell