effect of adjuvants on responses to skin immunization by microneedles coated with influenza subunit vaccine佐剂对反应的影响皮肤免疫微涂上了流感病毒亚单位疫苗.pdfVIP

Effect of Adjuvants on Responses to Skin Immunization by Microneedles Coated with Influenza Subunit Vaccine 1 2 1 1 William C. Weldon , Vladimir G. Zarnitsyn , E. Stein Esser , Misha T. Taherbhai , 1 1 1 2 Dimitrios G. Koutsonanos , Elena V. Vassilieva , Ioanna Skountzou , Mark R. Prausnitz , Richard W. Compans1* 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 2 School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of vaccine delivery to the skin by vaccine-coated microneedles; however there is little information on the effects of adjuvants using this approach for vaccination. Here we investigate the use of TLR ligands as adjuvants with skin-based delivery of influenza subunit vaccine. BALB/c mice received 1 mg of monovalent H1N1 subunit vaccine alone or with 1 mg of imiquimod or poly(I:C) individually or in combination via coated microneedle patches inserted into the skin. Poly(I:C) adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine induced similar antigen-specific immune responses compared to vaccine alone when delivered to the skin by microneedles. However, imiquimod- adjuvanted vaccine elicited higher levels of serum IgG2a antibodies and increased hemagglutination inhibition titers compared to vaccine alone, suggesting enhanced induction of functional antibodies. In addition, imiquimod-adjuvanted vaccine induced a robust IFN-c c