effect of cooperation level of group on punishment for non-cooperators a functional magnetic resonance imaging study影响小组合作水平的惩罚non-cooperators功能性磁共振成像研究.pdfVIP

Effect of Cooperation Level of Group on Punishment for Non-Cooperators: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study 1,2 1,3,4 1 1 Fumitoshi Kodaka , Hidehiko Takahashi *, Makiko Yamada , Harumasa Takano , 2 5 1 Kazuhiko Nakayama , Hiroshi Ito , Tetsuya Suhara 1 Clinical Neuroimaging Team, Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan, 2 Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, 4 Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan, 5 Biophysics Team, Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan Abstract Sometimes we punish non-cooperators in our society. Such behavior could be derived from aversive emotion for inequity (inequity aversion) to make non-cooperators cooperative. Thus, punishing behavior derived from inequity is believed to be important for maintaining our society. Meanwhile, our daily experiences suggest that the degree of cooperation by the members of society (cooperation level of the group) could change the punishing behavior for non-cooperators even if the inequity were equal. Such effect of the cooperation level of the group cannot be explained by simple inequity aversion. Although punishment-related brain regions have been reported in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, little is known about such regions affected by the