retinal redox stress and remodeling in cardiometabolic syndrome and diabetes视网膜氧化还原压力和重构代谢疾病综合症和糖尿病.pdfVIP

review Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 3:6, 392-403; November/December 2010; © 2010 Landes Bioscience Retinal redox stress and remodeling in cardiometabolic syndrome and diabetes Ying Yang,1,3-5 Melvin r. Hayden,2,4,* Susan Sowers,4,5 Sarika v. Bagree2,4 and James r. Sowers2-5 1 nd 2 3 4 Yunnan Province 2 Hospital; Kunming, P r C hina; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Department of internal Medicine; Physiology and Pharmacology; Division of endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease; 5 Harry S. Truman vA Medical Center; MO USA Key words: retina, redox stress, cardiometabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus mellitus in the United States. A cluster of metabolic abnormali- Diabetic retinopathy (Dr) is a significant cause of global ties related to the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) including blindness; a major cause of blindness in the United States in central obesity, metabolic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR) people aged between 20–74. There is emerging evidence that retinopathy is initiated and propagated by multiple metabolic and hypertension increase the risk for T2DM and DR. Risk fac- toxicities associated with excess production of reactive oxygen tors for DR are often present in insulin resistant, hypertensive species (rOS). The four traditional metabolic pathways involved persons prior to the development of T2DM.1-