sedation and analgesia in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders镇静和镇痛在儿童发育障碍和神经系统紊乱.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Pediatrics Volume 2010, Article ID 189142, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2010/189142 Review Article Sedation and Analgesia in Children with Developmental Disabilities and Neurologic Disorders Todd J. Kilbaugh,1 Stuart H. Friess,1 Ramesh Raghupathi,2 and Jimmy W. Huh1 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Jimmy W. Huh, huh@ Received 2 December 2009; Revised 15 June 2010; Accepted 20 June 2010 Academic Editor: Savithiri Ratnapalan Copyright © 2010 Todd J. Kilbaugh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Sedation and analgesia performed by the pediatrician and pediatric subspecialists are becoming increasingly common for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders (autism, epilepsy, stroke, obstructive hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy). The overall objectives of this paper are (1) to provide an overview on recent studies that highlight the increased risk for respiratory complications following sedation and analgesia in children with developmental disabilities and neurologic disorders, (2) to provide a better understanding of sedatives and analgesic medications which are commonly used in ch