on the origin of the treponematoses a phylogenetic approachtreponematoses起源的一个系统的方法.pdfVIP

On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach 1 2 3 3 4,5 Kristin N. Harper *, Paolo S. Ocampo , Bret M. Steiner , Robert W. George , Michael S. Silverman , 6 3 7 8 Shelly Bolotin , Allan Pillay , Nigel J. Saunders , George J. Armelagos 1 Department of Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 2 School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 3 Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHHSTP, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 5 Lakeridge Health Centre, Ontario, Canada, 6 Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada, 7 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 8 Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Abstract Background: Since the first recorded epidemic of syphilis in 1495, controversy has surrounded the origins of the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and its relationship to the pathogens responsible for the other treponemal diseases: yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta. Some researchers have argued that the syphilis-causing bacterium, or its progenitor, was brought from the New World to Europe by Christopher Columbus and his men, while others maintain that the treponematoses, including syphilis, have a