survival of exfoliated epithelial cells a delicate balance between anoikis and apoptosis女性生存的脱落上皮细胞之间的一种微妙的平衡和细胞凋亡.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2011, Article ID 534139, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2011/534139 Review Article Survival of Exfoliated Epithelial Cells: A Delicate Balance between Anoikis and Apoptosis Bertrand Kaeffer UMR-Phan 1280, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France Correspondence should be addressed to Bertrand Kaeffer, bertrand.kaeffer@univ-nantes.fr Received 27 June 2011; Accepted 22 August 2011 Academic Editor: M. Piacentini Copyright © 2011 Bertrand Kaeffer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The recovery of exfoliated cells from biological fluids is a noninvasive technology which is in high demand in the field of translational research. Exfoliated epithelial cells can be isolated from several body fluids (i.e., breast milk, urines, and digestives fluids) as a cellular mixture (senescent, apoptotic, proliferative, or quiescent cells). The most intriguing are quiescent cells which can be used to derive primary cultures indicating that some phenotypes retain clonogenic potentials. Such exfoliated cells are believed to enter rapidly in anoikis after exfoliation. Anoikis can be considered as an autophagic state promoting epithelial cell survival after a timely loss of contact with extracellular matrix and cell neighbors. This paper presents current understanding of exfoliation along with the influence of methodology on the type of gastrointestinal epithelial cells isolated and, finally, speculates on the balance between anoikis and apoptosis to explain the survival of gastrointestinal epithelial cells in the environment. 1. Introduction