反省及超越：东亚宪政主义发展路径及模式.docVIP

反省及超越：东亚宪政主义发展路径及模式 　 【内容摘要】上个世纪九十年代，东亚国家和地区发生了政治转型及民主化的浪潮，形成了所谓的东亚宪政主义。在第三波全球性民主化的浪潮之中，东亚宪政主义的发展引人注目，其已经显示的特质、路径和模式与西方古典宪政相比具有若干不同之处，值得反思和研讨。东亚宪政主义的特质及生成路径表现在：时空的短暂与窘迫；经济自由和政治民主的相对分离，经济自由对政治集权有一个从依赖到扬弃的过程；宪政要素的短缺与宪政传统的先天不足；国家至上、强化政府能力的理念比较突出，限制国家权力的理念并不鲜明；宪政的动力来源以外源型为主，国际环境的影响力较强。检讨东亚宪政主义的发展模式，必须回答三个问题，第一：东亚国家和地区的威权主义体制为什么能长期存在并发挥功效？第二：东亚宪政主义的发展路径是否构成一种成熟的宪政成长模式？第三：东亚宪政主义发展路径是否具有一定的必然性？总之，东亚宪政主义发展给予我们的宝贵启示是，任何国家的经济和社会的变化最终都必须在政治制度的改革和完善中得到体现，经济起飞的成果最终都必须在一个具有广泛民意基础的宪政体制内得到维持并公平地让民众分享。 ; A trend of political transformation and democratization occurred in the countries and regions in East Asia in the 1990s，from which the so-called East Asian constitutionalism developed. In the third-wave global democratization,the development of the East Asian constitutionalism is quite conspicuous.The demonstrated features，path and mode of the East Asian constitutionalism are different from those of the Western classical constitutionalism，which deserve further reflections and explorations. Features and path of the East Asian constitutionalism showed as follows：Development under the compression of time;A relative separation between economic liberty and political democracy，there was a transition through which the dependency of economic liberty upon the centralized political power was discarded；Short of constitutional elements and lack of constitutional traditions；Notions of supremacy of the state and enhancement of the governments capacity were prominent and the notions of restricting state power was overlooked；The impetus for constitutionalism is mainly exogenous，and the international circumstances are more influential. We must answer threen questions to review on the mode of development of East Asian constitutionalism. Firstly，why; can the authoritarian regimes in East Asian for a long time and function effectively？Secondly，does the path of development that the East Asian constitutionalism; takes constitute a mature mode of constitutional development. Thirdly，does the path of develo