5. Satellite Systems UZH（5。）.pdfVIP

5. Satellite Systems History and Orbits Routing, Localization, and Hand-over Systems © 2005 Burkhard Stiller and Jochen Schiller FU Berlin M5 – 1 History of Satellite Communications 1945 Arthur C. Clarke about “Extra Terrestrial Relays“ 1957 First satellite SPUTNIK 1960 First reflecting communication satellite ECHO 1963 First geo-stationary satellite SYNCOM 1965 First commercial geo-stationary satellite “Early Bird” – INTELSAT I: 240 duplex telephone channels or 1 TV channel, 1.5 years lifetime 1976 Three MARISAT satellites (maritime communication) 1982 First mobile satellite telephone system INMARSAT-A 1988 First satellite system for mobile phones and data communication INMARSAT-C 1993 First digital satellite telephone system 1998 Global satellite systems for small mobile phones © 2005 Burkhard Stiller and Jochen Schiller FU Berlin M5 – 2 1 Applications Traditional: – Weather satellites – Radio and TV broadcast satellites – Military satellites – Satellites for navigation and localization (e.g., GPS) Telecommunication: – Global telephone connections replaced by fiber optics – Backbone for global networks – Connections for communication in remote places or underdeveloped areas – Global mobile communication Satellite systems extend cellular phone systems (e.g., GSM or AMPS) © 2005 Burkhard Stiller and Jochen Schiller FU Berlin M5 – 3 Classic Sate