EFFECTS OF HEAD RESTRAINT POSITION ON （头枕位置的影响）.pdf

EFFECTS OF HEAD RESTRAINT POSITION ON NECK INJURY IN REAR IMPACT Michael Kleinberger’, Emily Sun’, James Saunders’ and Zaifei Zhou3 ‘Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA ‘National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., USA 3Conrad Technologies Inc., Washington, D.C., USA This paper was presented by Emily Sun at the Traffic Safety and Auto Engineering Stream of the Whiplash-Associated Disorders World Congress 7-l 1 February 1999, Vancouver, Canada WA~‘W Comnendium/Traflk Safetv and Auto Enekerine 361 Kleinberger et al. Effects of Head Restraint Position on Neck Injury in Rear Impact Michael Kleinberger*, Emily Sun**, James Saunders** and Zaifei Zhou *** *Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD **National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C. ***Conrad Technologies Inc., Washington, D.C. Abstract Although whiplash is typically classified as a minor injury, the economic cost ofwhiplash has been estimated at roughly $4.5 billion per year in the United States. International research efforts have included computational modeling, crash reconstructions, biomechanical testing of animals and human cadavers, and experimental rear impact tests using both anthropomorphic dummies and human subjects. Despite these efforts, the mechanisms and tolerances of whiplash injuries are still largely unknown. This paper uses a computational modeling approach to better understand the effects of