物质的物理参数测定技术（Determination of physical parameters of substances）.docVIP

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物质的物理参数测定技术（Determination of physical parameters of substances）.doc

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物质的物理参数测定技术（Determination of physical parameters of substances）

物质的物理参数测定技术（Determination of physical parameters of substances） 3. determination of physical parameters of substances Introduction: the physical constants of matter are characteristic parameters of matter. Such as: boiling point, melting point, freezing point, density, viscosity, refractive index, conductivity and optical rotation, they are all characteristic quantities of material, through the determination of these quantities, can identify the material types, purity, analyzing the composition of the mixture and the other related research material properties etc.. Therefore, the determination of physical parameters plays an important role in chemical experiment and production practice. In this chapter, we introduce the physical parameter determination technique of matter. The boiling point of a liquid substance As we all know, the saturated vapor pressure of liquid increases with the increase of temperature, and when it increases to the same pressure as the outside, the liquid boiling phenomenon, at this time the temperature becomes the boiling point of the liquid material. The boiling point of a liquid under standard atmospheric pressure (101325Pa) is usually defined as the normal boiling point of the liquid substance. Usually referred to as the boiling point. Boiling point is a characteristic parameter of a liquid substance. At a certain pressure, a pure liquid has a fixed boiling point, at which point the vapor is in equilibrium with the liquid and remains unchanged. But when the liquid is impure, then the boiling point has a temperature range of stability called boiling point. For pure liquid substances, the boiling range is generally 0.5 ~ 1 DEG C, and if the impurities are contained, the boiling range is increased. Boiling point is therefore an important sign of the purity of a liquid substance. The accurate determination of boiling point has important guiding significance for the separation, purification and proper use of liquid mixtures. Two, boiling point