生物化学名词解释 有了它想挂都难（A biochemical term explains why its difficult to hang on）.doc

生物化学名词解释 有了它想挂都难（A biochemical term explains why its difficult to hang on） 1. genetic code: mRNA molecules from 5to 3 direction, starting from the start codon AUG, three CIS per 3 nucleotides, decided on a chain of amino acids or protein synthesis initiation and termination signals, called three codons, also called codons. 2. allosteric enzyme, also known as allosteric enzyme, is an important regulatory enzyme. In addition to the active site of substrate binding and substrate reaction, the molecules also have allosteric centers that regulate and respond to the regulation. The enzyme activity is altered by allosteric modification of the enzyme molecule by binding to the allosteric center. 3.: the ketone bodies in the liver, producing fatty acid incomplete oxidation of the intermediate product of acetoacetate, hydroxybutyric acid and acetone called ketone. When hungry, the ketone body is the fuel of many tissues, including the brain, and too much ketone bodies can cause poisoning. 4. glycolysis: the process in which an organism converts glucose or glycogen through a series of reactions into lactic acid and produces a small amount of ATP under anaerobic conditions. 5. EMP pathway: also known as glycolysis pathway. The process in which glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions and produces a small amount of ATP and NADH+H+. It is a major metabolic pathway shared by most organisms. 6. aerobic oxidation of sugar: glucose or glycogen undergoes aerobic glycolysis under aerobic conditions, pyruvate dehydrogenase, decarboxylation, and TCA cycles, which completely oxidize C02 and water and produce large amounts of energy. 7.: oxidativephosphorylation organisms produced by biological oxidation energy, except for the part to maintain body temperature, mostly through phosphorylation transfer to high-energy phosphate compounds in ATP, with the oxidation can the process of phosphorylation of ADP ATP generation called oxidativephosphorylation. Oxidative phosp