病理生理论述题（Pathophysiology）.doc

病理生理论述题（Pathophysiology） 1. the traumatic shock mechanism of hyperkalemia caused? Answer: 1) the traumatic shock can cause acute renal failure, renal excretion of potassium disorder is the main cause of hyperkalemia; 2) occurred when lactic acidosis can shock. Acidosis acidosis and acute renal insufficiency caused by acidosis., H+ and K+ in intracellular fluid exchange in extracellular fluid, and renal tubular secretion of H+ increased and K+ decreased row 3); shock due to tissue blood flow and lack of oxygen, intracellular ATP synthesis, cell membrane sodium pump failure, extracellular fluid in K+ is not easy to enter the cell, lack of oxygen induced cell necrosis, intracellular K+ release in 70%.4) stored in the muscle, rhabdomyolysis widely will release a large amount of K+. so the traumatic shock can easily cause hyperkalemia. 2. test the mechanism of edema? A tissue fluid (1): 1) is greater than the return generated capillary pressure; 2) reduce the plasma colloid osmotic pressure; 3) microvascular permeability increase; 4) lymphatic obstruction; (2) the body sodium and water retention: 1) filtration membrane permeability decreased; 2) filtration area; 3) the efficiency of overvoltage decreased; (3) renal tubule and collecting duct increased water and sodium reabsorption: 1) ball tube imbalance; 2) renal blood flow distribution; 3) the secretion of aldosterone and ADH; 4) natriuretic hormone secretion increased. 3. why severe metabolic acidosis patients complicated with heart failure and shock.DIC. arrhythmia? Answer: 1) reflect on catecholamine reduced vascular system, especially the precapillary sphincter is most obvious, the vascular volume expanding blood volume reduced, blood pressure drops, shock caused by.2 acid) poisoning can make micro vascular endothelial cell damage, activation of coagulation system; but also damaged tissue cells, activation of coagulation system; add shock blood concentration blood flow slowed down, so it is easy to concurrent DIC.3