输尿管结石的诊疗常规（Routine diagnosis and treatment of ureteral calculi）.docVIP

输尿管结石的诊疗常规（Routine diagnosis and treatment of ureteral calculi） Second routine diagnosis and treatment of ureteral calculi [collection of medical history] 1. pain: see more paroxysmal cramps, abdominal area and kidney in the affected side, along the ureter downward radiation to the scrotum or labia and thighs, accompanied by sweating, nausea and vomiting, may have severe symptoms of shock. 2. hematuria: often occurs when the angina attacks, displays the microscopic hematuria or the macroscopic hematuria. 3.: frequent micturition make water is painful lower ureteral stones in the. [physical examination] Percussion pain in 1. renal region; 2. of the renal masses, ureter obstruction, hydronephrosis, palpable swelling of the kidney; 3. no urine, complete obstruction occasionally in complete obstruction of bilateral ureteral calculi of solitary kidney or ureteral calculi obstruction, or side reflex anuria occurred on the side. [auxiliary examination] 1. urine routine: red blood cells and white blood cells and tubular types can be seen when infected. 2. X ray examination: including the urinary tract plain film, intravenous urography or retrograde urography, to determine the exact location of stones and the extent of renal function. Note: this should not be performed within three days after remission of renal colic and renal colic. 3. B ultrasound examination: obvious obstruction, hydronephrosis, ureteral dilatation, stone site, size, etc.. 4. cystoscope and ureter mirror examination: can discover not only, still can make partial ureter stone can be taken out, but do not use as the first method commonly. 5. nuclear medical examination: renal function can be measured, especially for patients allergic to iodine, is not currently the preferred method. 6.CT examination: spiral CT can make clear X ray negative stone and definite X ray positive stone, the diagnosis rate is very high. Contrast agents can be used to understand the renal function of double kidneys, especially in re