更新残疾观改变残疾状态整理.pdfVIP

2017 年 3 月 残疾人研究 理论研讨 第 1 期（总第 25 期） Disability Research Theoretical Discussion 更新残疾观改变残疾状态 朱图陵 1 王保华 2 【摘要】本文从残疾人的称谓、特征、定义、来源、分类、目标、政策和社会地位等八个方面比较 了传统残疾观和现代残疾观，并以肢体残疾人、视力残疾人、听力残疾人为例，指出两种残疾观的重要 区别在于与环境的不同关系。传统残疾观认为残疾是自己得病导致损伤的后果，与环境无关，改造环境 只是社会对残疾人的怜悯和施舍，致使残疾人自卑和绝望；现代残疾观则认为，残疾是个人与环境相互 作用的一种状态，与环境密切相关，残疾人之所以难以为社会做贡献，除自身损伤外，还由于环境的障碍。 而残疾人的 “残疾”状态是可以改变的，主要是用辅助器具来创建无障碍环境后，就能发挥残疾人的潜 能，并与健全人一起共建和谐与文明社会，使残疾人对未来充满希望。本文提出，要改变残疾人的命运， 必须先更新残疾观，再通过现代康复措施来改变残疾状态。 【关键词】残疾观；辅助器具；无障碍环境 C913.69 【中图分类号】 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-0810(2017)25-0050-05 Renewing the Concept of Disability for Changing the Condition of Disability ZHU Tu-ling, WANG Bao-hua The comparison between traditional concept of disability and modern concept of disability concerning eight 【Abstract】 components i.e. the title, characteristics, definition, source, classification, goal, policy and social status of persons with disability (PWD), as well as the examples of persons with physical, visual and hearing disability are introduced by this paper so that the important difference between each other is different relationship with the environment. Traditional concept of disability believes that the disability is a consequence of the impairment resulted from their own illness and independent on the environment, and that transforming the environment is just social compassion and charity for PWD, so that the disabled is inferiority and despair. Modern concept of disability b