物种多样性与人工生态系统稳定性探讨-应用生态学报.PDF

应 用 生 态 学 报 2003 年6 月 第 14 卷 第6 期 CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Jun. 2003, 14(6)B853~ 857 * 冯耀宗 ( 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明650223) = 通过40余年对人工群落的长期研究,探 了一层一种的传统橡胶及茶树种植园, 两层两种的橡 胶2 茶叶、橡胶2 咖啡人工群落,三层三种的橡胶2 萝芙木2 千年健人工群落以及多层多种( 5 个层次 100 余种 经济植物) 的人工雨林的不同结构.从生物量、生产力及经济生产力, 对群落环境( 小气候、土壤等) 的保护 及改善能力和对自然灾害( 如寒害、风害等) 的抵抗力3 个方面, 比较了单一结构与复合结构在3 个系统功 能上的差异. 结果表明, 随着种类增加, 层次复杂加大, 系统在生物量及生产力上均有明显增加; 小气候中 随着结构的复杂化加大, 相对湿度也随着增加,最高温度降低, 最低温度升高, 风速减少,土壤流失明显减 少, 对低温风害的抵抗力加强,表明人工生态系统结构明显影响了系统稳定性. 生物多样性 稳定性 人工群落 1001- 9332(2003) 06- 0853- 05 Q146 A Species diver sity and managed ecosystem stability. FENG Yaozong (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gar2 den, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China) .2Chin .J . Appl. col .,2003, 14(6):853~ 857. ased on partial experimental data of the studies on managed communities over 40 years, various managed com2 munities in terms of ecological structures,e.g., rubber or tea plantation in one species with one community lay2 er, rubber2tea and rubber2 coffee oftwospecies with two communitylayers, rubber2luofumu2 qiannianjian of three species with three community layers, and artificial rain forest with multiple species and layers (hundred species with five layers) were discussed. The differences in systematic functions among three structures ofthe communi2 ty were discussed,mainly from the followint spects: iomass, productivity, and economical productivity;capabili2 ty of protection and improvement of community environment (microclimate, soil etc. ); capability of resistant to natural disaster ( chilling and storm) . Thebiomass and productivity in the system we