XRay Data Booklet Section 1.7 ATOMIC （x光数据手册1.7节原子）.pdfVIP

X-Ray Data Booklet Section 1.7 ATOMIC SCATTERING FACTORS Eric M. Gullikson The optical properties of materials in the photon energy range above about 30 eV can be described by the atomic scattering factors. The index of refraction of a material is related to the scattering factors of the individual atoms by re 2 n = 1– δ – iβ = 1– λ ∑ n f (0) , (1) 2π i i i where r is the classical electron radius, l is the wavelength, and n is the number of atoms of e i type i per unit volume. The parameters d and b are called the refractive index decrement and the absorption index, respectively. The complex atomic scattering factor for the forward scattering direction is f (0) = f 1 + if2 . (2) The imaginary part is derived from the atomic photoabsorption cross section: σ f 2 = a . (3) 2r λ e The real part of the atomic scattering factor is related to the imaginary part by the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation: 1 ∞ ε 2σa (ε) f 1 = Z * + πr hc ∫ E 2 − ε 2 dε . (4) e 0 In the high-photon-energy limit,f approaches Z*, which differs from the atomic number Z by a small relativistic 1 correction: