Nursing Care of the Hospitalized Child - Austin Community College 奥斯汀社区学院的住院儿童的护理.ppt

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2017-09-06 发布于江西
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Nursing Care of the Hospitalized Child - Austin Community College 奥斯汀社区学院的住院儿童的护理.ppt

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Nursing Care of the Hospitalized Child - Austin Community College 奥斯汀社区学院的住院儿童的护理

* * * * * * * Pain Assessment Infant: grimacing, poor feeding, restlessness, crying Toddler: clinging to parent, crying, pulling or rubbing area of pain, anorexia, vomiting, restlessness Pain assessment in the Neonate Pain Assessment Preschool: verbalize pain, guard injured extremity, anorexia, vomiting, sleeplessness Adolescent: verbalize pain, may not understand ‘type’ of pain. Possible reluctant to call for help. Consequences of unrelieved pain Respiratory changes Neurologic changes Metabolic changes Immune system changes GI changes Pain scales FLACC: face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (p. 1215-1216) FACES: smile to worst hurt (tears) Oucher Scale After determining that the child has an understanding of number concepts, teach the child to use the scale. Point to each photo, explain that the bottom picture is a “no hurt,” the second picture is a “little hurt,” the third picture is “a little more hurt,” the fourth picture is “even more hurt” the fifth picture is “a lot of hurt” and the sixth picture is the “biggest or most hurt you could ever have.” The numbers beside the photos can be used to score the amount of pain the child reports. Pharmologic vs. Non-pharmologic treatment for pain Pharmacologic Opiods Nonsteroidals Nonnarcotic analgesics Non-pharmacologic methods Distraction Cutaneous stimulation Sucrose solution Electroanalgesia (TENS units) Application of heat/cold Relaxation, hypnosis, guided imagery Pain Management The presence of the parent is an important part of pain management. Children often feel more secure telling their parents about their pain and anxiety The End! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Nursing Care of the Hospitalized ChildChristina Hernandez RN, MSN A Child’s Understanding of their hospitalization Based on: Their cognitive ability at different developmental stages Previous experiences with healthcare professionals Preparation Coping Skills Culture Parents reaction to illness Siblings reaction to il