a new long term assessment of energy return on investment (eroi) for u.s. oil and gas discovery and production新能源的长期评估投资回报率(eroi)对美国油气发现和生产.pdfVIP

Sustainability 2011, 3, 1866-1887; doi:10.3390/su3101866 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article A New Long Term Assessment of Energy Return on Investment (EROI) for U.S. Oil and Gas Discovery and Production Megan C. Guilford 1, Charles A.S. Hall 1,2,*, Pete O’ Connor 3 and Cutler J. Cleveland 3 1 Department of Environmental Studies, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; E-Mail: mcguilfo@ 2 Program in Biology and Environmental Sciences, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA 3 Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; E-Mails: paoconn@ (P.O.C.); cutler@ (C.J.C.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: chall@; Tel.: +1-315-147-016-870; Fax: +1-315-470-6934. Received: 5 June 2011; in revised form: 1 August 2011 / Accepted: 6 August 2011 / Published: 14 October 2011 Abstract: Oil and gas are the main sources of energy in the United States. Part of their appeal is the high Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROI) when procuring them. We assessed data from the United States Bureau of the Census of Mineral Industries, the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the Oil and Gas Journal for the years 1919–2007 and from oil analyst Jean Laherrere to derive EROI for both finding and producing oil and gas. We found two general patterns in the relation of energy gains compared t