西诊简答及体格检查（Use the West diagnosis and physical examination）.docVIP

西诊简答及体格检查（Use the West diagnosis and physical examination） 1. classification of dyspnea: (5) pulmonary dyspnea: inspiratory dyspnea, expiratory dyspnea and mixed dyspnea; cardiac dyspnea; Toxic dyspnea; neuropsychiatric dyspnea; hematogenous dyspnea. 2. characteristics of auscultation of atrial fibrillation: (3) the first sound intensity ranging from the irregular heart rate is greater than the absolute cardiac clinical significance of increased and decreased pulse rate 3. voice tremor. (7 points): increase in voice tremor (2 points): consolidation of lung tissue, such as lobar consolidation period, pulmonary infarction; the pleural lung cavities, such as cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary abscess. Voice tremor in weakened: (5 points): intrapulmonary gas content too much, such as the bronchial obstruction such as emphysema, obstructive atelectasis, pleural effusion and pneumatosis the pleural adhesion of the chest wall height of subcutaneous emphysema? 3. clinical characteristics of systemic edema: 8 points: cardiac edema: first appeared in the body part of the sag, and change with the body position, the face is generally not swollen. Nephrogenic edema: in the morning eyelid disease early and facial edema, may develop systemic edema. Hepatic edema: edema of the ankle occurred first, gradually spread upward, edema of the whole body was not obvious, and ascites was often seen. Malnutrition edema: edema distribution from the loose tissue began, and then extended to the whole body, to the lower part of the obvious, vertical position of the lower limbs obviously. 4. what is the clinical significance of ESR? (7 points): physiological increase: (2 points) in more than 3 months of pregnancy, womens menstrual period, 60 years of age or elderly. The pathological increase: (5 points): a variety of acute inflammation such as bacterial infections and viral infection, the tissue damage and necrosis: greater tissue damage or trauma can lead to esr. Anemia: slight anemia