海上核损害赔偿责任制度的分析研究.pdfVIP

一个多方参与的无缝连接体系。一方面，为了保护核工业的健康发展，对相关责任主体 的赔偿责任进行了限制。另一方面，为了使受害者能够最大限度地获得赔偿，首先要求 核设施运营者进行核责任保险和财务保证来提供最基本的保障。在核设施运营者不承担 责任或赔偿能力不足的情况下，由设施国直接赔偿或者提供一定数额的补充赔偿。有关 公约还为海上核损害赔偿设计了第三个层次，即当第一、二层次的赔偿总额仍不足以满 足受害者的要求时，由所有缔约国共同出资对受害者进行补充赔偿。可见，海上核损害 赔偿机制试图在保护核工业和给受害人充分而及时的救济之间寻找一个平衡点。 第六部分海上核损害赔偿中存在的主要问题与解决办法。指出现在海上核损害赔偿 中存在的主要问题，并就这些问题尝试性地提出了较理想的解决办法。由于目前海上核 损害赔偿还主要依靠各国的国内法来解决，但各国在具体问题的规定上分歧明显，因此 笔者认为建立国际统一海上核损害赔偿制度也许是一个不错的选择。 关键词：海上核损害；归责原则；赔偿制度；国际统一赔偿标准 2 Abstract Abstract AAbbssttrraacctt Since the first nuclear liability law was born, the system for Nuclear Damage compensation has been established more than 50 years. With the common of the international community, the system has become relatively perfect. The international conventions and domestic legislation in countries where the nuclear power is highly developed has a more detailed and systematic provisions. However, there is few study focus on the system of Nuclear Damage compensation at sea. There are a few studies which are space-limited and not systematic scattered in maritime law, nuclear liability law and environmental law. This dissertation starts from the basic theory of the system for Nuclear Damage compensation at sea, discussed systematically the basic questions, for instance, the subject of rights, the subject of the liabilities and the liability principle. Provisions in international conventions and domestic legislations would be compared, and the main problems in the Nuclear Damage compensationatseawouldbepointedout,followedwithsuggestion. Thisdissertationisdividedintosixparts. The first part introduces the definitions for nuclear damage in the international conventions and the domestic legislation and puts forward three main aspects which result in the Nuclear Damage at sea. It can b