环境风险评估及原则.ppt

Principles of Environmental Risk Assessment 环境风险评估的原则 Jeff Wolt 杰夫.沃而特 Biosafety Institute for Genetically Modified Agricultural Products (BIGMAP) 基因改良农作物安全研究所 Iowa State University 美国衣阿华州立大学 Sep 2006 2006年九月 Plan of presentation报告计划 Terminology 术语 ERA Framework 环境风险评估框架 Application of ERA to GE Crops 环境风险评估在转基因农作物中的应用 Risk风险 The joint consideration of exposure and the consequence of exposure 同时考虑暴露和暴露的后果 Risk = f (hazard, exposure) 风险= 函数 (危险, 暴露) The likelihood of harm to be manifested under realistic conditions of exposure 危害的可能性在暴露的实际条件下得以清楚地展 现 Risk Assessment风险评估 The use of factual information to define the effects of exposure of individuals or populations [to stressors or actions] 利用事实信息定义个人或群体暴露于[刺激或者行为]的结果 after, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, NRC, 1983 联邦政府的风险评估: 管理程序, NRC, 1983 The process used to systematically evaluate and organize data, information, assumptions, and uncertainties in order to help understand and predict the relationships between stressors [or actions] and ecological effects in a way that is useful for environmental decision making 步骤用来系统评估和组织数据, 信息, 假设和不确定因子,利于帮助理解和预测刺激或行为和生态结果之间的关系, 这些对于环境决策是有用的. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Forum, USEPA (1998) EPA/630/R-95/002F 生态风险评估指导, 风险评估论坛 美国环保局(1998) 环保局部/630/R-95/002F ERA is a part of Risk Analysis环境风险评估是风险分析的一部分 links to the risk management process 和风险决策步骤联系 follows well established frameworks 在建立好的框架之后 sets overall assessment goals 建立总体评估目标 recursive 递归性的 proceeds in tiers 阶梯性前进 quantitative to the fullest extent possible 定量地达到全面可能性 Risk assessment links research to risk management风险评估是研究和风险决策的桥梁 ERA 环境风险评估 Ecological or Environmental ? 生态还是环境? The term Environmental Risk Assessment is common for GE crops 环境风险评估是转基因农作物的常用词汇 An outgrowth of the widely recognized process of Ecological Risk Assessment 被广泛认同的生态风险评估所带来的结果 ERA 环境风险评估 “the proce