中国古代建筑的特点（Characteristics of ancient Chinese Architecture）.docVIP

中国古代建筑的特点（Characteristics of ancient Chinese Architecture） (1) the timber structure based structure; In ancient China, the wooden structure was used as the load-bearing structure of houses. The timber beam column system has been fully completed and widely adopted in the spring and Autumn Period BC, and became more mature in the Han dynasty. Timber structure can be divided into lifting beam type, bucket type and well dry type. The lifting beam structure is along the depth in the house on the plinth column, upper beam column, beam column and beam overlapping layers of melon, and then to the top beam Shangli ridge melon column, a group composed of roof. The upper frame between the two groups of parallel with the horizontal Fang connected to the column, placed in each layer of the beam purlin head and spinal column with melon, bearing frame and roof. A roof purlin rafter, a skeleton. In this way, the two groups of buildings can make a room. One house can be one or more. Dougong is the most special member Chinese timber frame building. The bucket is the bucket shaped cushion block, a large wooden bow is short, they are superimposed into a set of layers arranged in a crisscross pattern on the small bracket, placed in the stigma to load bearing beam and extended eaves. To the Tang and Song Dynasties, Dougong to the peak of development, from the simple pad and Tiaoyan component development become linked in a column on Liang Fang Wells ring lattice composite beam. In addition to its inward outward cornice, supporting ceiling outside, the main function is to maintain the integrity of the wooden frame, become the indispensable part of large buildings. The Song Dynasty wooden frame width increase, the wooden frame column height, node the Dougong gradually reduced. The yuan, Ming and Qing, between the architrave and stigma used with Liang Fang, the overall framework of strengthening, Dougong body becomes small, and no longer the structure effect, arrangement is more dense and de