application of ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction of proanthocyanidins from larix gmelini bark应用离子液体微波提取原花青素的落叶松属gmelini树皮.pdfVIP

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 5163-5178; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Articl e Application of Ionic Liquids in the Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Larix gmelini Bark Lei Yang †,*, Xiaowei Sun †, Fengjian Yang, Chunjian Zhao, Lin Zhang and Yuangang Zu * State Engineering Laboratory for Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: vivid66@126.com (X.S.); yangfj@ (F.Y.); zcjsj@163.com (C.Z.); zhanglin6600@ (L.Z.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: ylnefu@163.com (L.Y.); zygorl@163.com (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-1387 (Y.Z.); Fax: +86-45 1-8210-2082 (Y.Z.). Received: 5 March 2012; in revised form: 23 March 2012 / Accepted: 20 April 2012 / Published: 24 April 2012 Abstract: Ionic liquid based, microwave-assisted extraction (ILMAE) was successfully applied to the extraction of proanthocyanidins from Larix gmelini bark. In this work, in order to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction process, a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different cations and anions were evaluated for extraction yield, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was selected as the optimal solvent. In addition, the I